R and Python Chapter 3. Multivariate Volatility Models

Chapter 3. Multivariate Volatility Models

R and Python

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Listing 3.1/3.2
Download stock prices in R
p = read.csv('stocks.csv')
y=apply(log(p),2,diff)     # calculate returns
y = y[,1:2]                # consider first two stocks
y[,1] = y[,1]-mean(y[,1])  # subtract mean
y[,2] = y[,2]-mean(y[,2])
TT = dim(y)[1]
Listing 3.1/3.2
Download stock prices in Python
import numpy as np
p = np.loadtxt('stocks.csv',delimiter=',',skiprows=1)
p = p[:,[0,1]]                          # consider first two stocks
y = np.diff(np.log(p), n=1, axis=0)*100 # calculate returns
y[:,0] = y[:,0]-np.mean(y[:,0])         # subtract mean
y[:,1] = y[:,1]-np.mean(y[:,1])
T = len(y[:,0])

Listing 3.3/3.4
EWMA in R
EWMA = matrix(nrow=TT,ncol=3)   
lambda = 0.94
S = cov(y)                      # initial (t=1) covar matrix
EWMA[1,] = c(S)[c(1,4,2)]       # extract var and covar
for (i in 2:dim(y)[1]){  
      S = lambda*S+(1-lambda)*  y[i-1,] %*% t(y[i-1,])
      EWMA[i,] = c(S)[c(1,4,2)] 
}
EWMArho = EWMA[,3]/sqrt(EWMA[,1]*EWMA[,2]) # calculate correlations
print(head(EWMArho))
print(tail(EWMArho))
Listing 3.3/3.4
EWMA in Python
EWMA = np.full([T,3], np.nan)
lmbda = 0.94
S = np.cov(y, rowvar = False)
EWMA[0,] = S.flatten()[[0,3,1]]
for i in range(1,T):
    S = lmbda * S + (1-lmbda) * np.transpose(np.asmatrix(y[i-1]))* np.asmatrix(y[i-1])
    EWMA[i,] = [S[0,0], S[1,1], S[0,1]]
EWMArho = np.divide(EWMA[:,2], np.sqrt(np.multiply(EWMA[:,0],EWMA[:,1])))
print(EWMArho)

Listing 3.5/3.6
GOGARCH in R
library(rmgarch)
spec = gogarchspec(mean.model = list(armaOrder = c(0, 0), 
    include.mean =FALSE),
    variance.model = list(model = "sGARCH", 
    garchOrder = c(1,1)) , 
    distribution.model =  "mvnorm"
)
fit = gogarchfit(spec = spec, data = y)
show(fit) 
Listing 3.5/3.6
OGARCH in Python


Listing 3.7/3.8
DCC in R
xspec = ugarchspec(mean.model = list(armaOrder = c(0, 0), include.mean = FALSE))
uspec = multispec(replicate(2, xspec))
spec = dccspec(uspec = uspec, dccOrder = c(1, 1), distribution = 'mvnorm')
res = dccfit(spec, data = y)
H=res@mfit$H
DCCrho=vector(length=dim(y)[1])
for(i in 1:dim(y)[1]){
    DCCrho[i] =  H[1,2,i]/sqrt(H[1,1,i]*H[2,2,i])
}
Listing 3.7/3.8
DCC in Python


Listing 3.9/3.10
Sample statistics in R
matplot(cbind(EWMArho,DCCrho),type='l',las=1,lty=1,col=2:3,ylab="")
mtext("Correlations",side=2,line=0.3,at=1,las=1,cex=0.8)
legend("bottomright",c("EWMA","DCC"),lty=1,col=2:3,bty="n",cex=0.7)
Listing 3.9/3.10
Correlation comparison in Python



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